{"id":109,"date":"2021-02-19T21:46:35","date_gmt":"2021-02-19T20:46:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.ashk.cz\/?page_id=109"},"modified":"2021-03-11T20:54:05","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T19:54:05","slug":"historie-spolecnosti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ashk.cz\/?page_id=109","title":{"rendered":"Historie spole\u010dnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Z<\/a>
Z historie ASHK. Zleva: Zeman, Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159 a Pr\u016f\u0161a.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Astronomie m\u00e1 v\u00a0na\u0161em regionu dlouhou tradici \u00fazce spjatou s\u00a0partikul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0161kolou<\/em> v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 byla zalo\u017eena kon\u0161eli m\u011bsta v\u00a0roce 1350. Tedy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce tomu bude ji\u017e 650 let. Tato \u0161kola m\u011bla \u00farove\u0148 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dne\u0161n\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly, ale v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b nebylo velk\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi partikul\u00e1rn\u00edmi \u0161kolami a\u00a0univerzitami. Kvalitu t\u011bchto \u0161kol ur\u010dovali lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed na t\u011bchto \u0161kol\u00e1ch u\u010dili. Vysok\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 hradeck\u00e9 \u0161koly je patrn\u00e1 z\u00a0toho, \u017ee po\u010d\u00e1tkem 15. stolet\u00ed se stalo n\u011bkolik absolvent\u016f hradeck\u00e9 \u0161koly rektory Karlovy univerzity.<\/p>\n

K t\u011bmto lidem pat\u0159il i\u00a0astronom Jan \u0160indel<\/b>, kter\u00fd se v\u00a0roce 1370 narodil v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. Byl profesorem Karlovy university, v\u00a0roce 1410 se stal jej\u00edm rektorem; p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161el o\u00a0l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0astronomii. \u0160indelovy astronomick\u00e9 tabulky a\u00a0mapy pou\u017e\u00edval pr\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b Tycho Brahe. Z\u00e1libou Jana \u0160indela byly astronomick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje – podle jeho n\u00e1vrhu a\u00a0v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f sestrojil Mikul\u00e1\u0161 z\u00a0Kadan\u011b v\u00a0roce 1410 pra\u017esk\u00fd orloj<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm astronomem a\u00a0velk\u00fdm patriotem byl Cypri\u00e1n Lvovick\u00fd ze Lvovic<\/b>. Sv\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00edskal nejprve na kr\u00e1lov\u00e9hradeck\u00e9 latinsk\u00e9 partikul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0161kole a\u00a0posl\u00e9ze na zahrani\u010dn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch ve Vratislavi a\u00a0Lipsku. Sv\u00fdmi velk\u00fdmi znalostmi si z\u00edskal mimo jin\u00e9 tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 falckrab\u011bte Oty Jind\u0159icha, kter\u00fd jej ustanovil univerzitn\u00edm profesorem v\u00a0Lavink\u00e1ch na Dunaji. Tento v\u00fdznamn\u00fd u\u010denec m\u011bl velmi r\u00e1d sv\u00e9 rodn\u00e9 m\u011bsto. Byl hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkem p\u0159i reform\u011b partikul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0161koly v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 a\u00a0nav\u00edc u\u010dinil ve prosp\u011bch t\u00e9to \u0161koly zna\u010dn\u00fd odkaz.<\/p>\n

Tradice vzd\u011blanosti se udr\u017eovala a\u00a0roz\u0161i\u0159ovala po cel\u00e9m regionu. Je to patrn\u00e9 ze z\u00e1v\u011bt\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch oby\u010dejn\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci odkazovali knihovny \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed i\u00a0n\u011bkolik stovek knih.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm m\u00edstem v\u00a0regionu v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech je m\u011bsto \u017damberk<\/em>. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee zde v\u00a0polovin\u011b minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed byla postavena hv\u011bzd\u00e1rna, na kter\u00e9 p\u016fsobil d\u00e1nsk\u00fd astronom Theodor Brorsen<\/b>, se v\u00a0tomto m\u011bst\u011b narodil fyzik a\u00a0astronom August Seydler<\/b> a zakladatel \u010dasopisu Vesm\u00edr V\u00e1clav Kumpo\u0161t. S\u00e1m Seydler se velmi sna\u017eil o popularizaci p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd a s dal\u0161\u00edmi v\u011bdci p\u0159isp\u00edvali sv\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky do popul\u00e1rn\u011b nau\u010dn\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f, jako byl nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1v\u011b Vesm\u00edr.<\/p>\n

Astronomick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost a\u00a0hv\u011bzd\u00e1rna<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Prvn\u00ed<\/a>
Prvn\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b ASHK<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Na astronomii je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee jejich snaha nebyla marn\u00e1. V\u00a0roce 1917 byla zalo\u017eena \u010cesk\u00e1 astronomick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost<\/em> sdru\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed profesion\u00e1ly i\u00a0amat\u00e9ry astronomy. I\u00a0v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 m\u011bla tato spole\u010dnost na p\u011bt des\u00edtek \u010dlen\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 a\u00a0velk\u00e1 touha po vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinily vznik samostatn\u00e9 Astronomick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed sch\u016fze se konala 18. dubna 1929 za \u010destn\u00e9ho p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed prim\u00e1tora Hradce Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 JUDr. Urlicha. Na t\u00e9to sch\u016fzi byli p\u0159\u00edtomni i\u00a0z\u00e1stupci \u010cesk\u00e9 astronomick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Franti\u0161ek Nu\u0161l<\/strong> a\u00a0jednatel Josef Klepe\u0161ta<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Astronomick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost si vytkla n\u011bkolik c\u00edl\u016f, p\u0159edn\u011b popularizaci astronomie mezi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi i\u00a0ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm no\u010dn\u00ed oblohy a\u00a0odborn\u00fdmi p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kami. Dal\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed lidov\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. U\u017e v\u00a0roce 1930 z\u00edskala spole\u010dnost finan\u010dn\u00ed dar od spo\u0159itelny na n\u00e1kup 11cm Zeissova refraktoru. Tento dalekohled byl um\u00edst\u011bn na nov\u011b vybudovan\u00fdch Masarykov\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, kde byl p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd i\u00a0pro ve\u0159ejnost. Dal\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed se konala tak\u00e9 na n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Labe dalekohledy \u010dlen\u016f spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 si sami vyrobily. Spole\u010dnost se tak\u00e9 s\u00a0\u00fasp\u011bchem z\u00fa\u010dastnila Hradeck\u00fdch v\u00fdstavn\u00edch trh\u016f. Velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem vzbudila jej\u00ed expozice v\u00a0roce 1936, kdy vystavovala krom\u011b dalekohled\u016f \u010dlen\u016f i\u00a0model povrchu M\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n

\"Fotografick\u00e1<\/a>
Fotografick\u00e1 komora Jind\u0159icha Zemana<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V t\u00e9to dob\u011b se \u010dlenov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nejv\u00edce zab\u00fdvali pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm meteor\u016f. Skupina t\u011bchto pozorovatel\u016f pat\u0159ila k nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v cel\u00e9 republice. Ve spole\u010dnosti se tak\u00e9 velmi rozv\u00edjela astrofotografie. V tomto oboru m\u011bl nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch Jind\u0159ich Zeman. Jeho fotografie byly uve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny v populariza\u010dn\u00edch knih\u00e1ch o astronomii.<\/p>\n

Astronomick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 nezapom\u00ednala na sv\u016fj hlavn\u00ed c\u00edl, a to vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed lidov\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny. Prvn\u00ed projekt hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny vznikl ji\u017e v roce 1938, ale v t\u00e9 dob\u011b situace pro stavbu hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny nebyla p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1. Nebyl \u010das a ani prost\u0159edky na hv\u011bzd\u00e1rnu, proto\u017ee bylo nutno stav\u011bt pohrani\u010dn\u00ed opevn\u011bn\u00ed. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ani v dob\u011b okupace nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 tyto pl\u00e1ny uskute\u010dnit, a proto hned po osvobozen\u00ed v roce 1945 zalo\u017eila Astronomick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 se St\u00e1tn\u00ed meterologickou stanic\u00ed a P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00fdm klubem Spole\u010dnost pro postaven\u00ed lidov\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. Podm\u00ednkou zah\u00e1jen\u00ed stavby ov\u0161em bylo z\u00edskat prvn\u00edch 1 500 000,- K\u010d z dar\u016f. To se poda\u0159ilo a dary firem, okoln\u00edch obc\u00ed i jednotlivc\u016f \u010dinili skoro 2 000 000,- K\u010d, a proto v dubnu 1947 byl polo\u017een z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny. Bohu\u017eel p\u0159i\u0161el \u00fanor 1948, kter\u00fd v\u0161echny samostatn\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 aktivity zadusil, ale p\u0159esto byla hv\u011bzd\u00e1rna dostav\u011bna.<\/p>\n

V t\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e Astronomick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 neexistovala, proto\u017ee byla donucena politick\u00fdmi d\u016fvody v\u00a0roce 1950 p\u0159etransformovat se v\u00a0pobo\u010dku \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 astronomick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Obnoven\u00ed \u010dinnosti<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Setk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>
Setk\u00e1n\u00ed ASHK 4. 8. 2012. Autor: Petr Souken\u00edk.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Na obnoven\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti spole\u010dnost \u010dekala a\u017e do roku 1990<\/b>, kdy se 1. prosince konala ustavuj\u00edc\u00ed sch\u016fze nov\u00e9 Astronomick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0pln\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e navazuje na tradice spole\u010dnosti z\u00a0roku 1929. Je to nev\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u00e1 organizace sdru\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed astronomy amat\u00e9ry a\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1tele astronomie z\u00a0Hradce Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 a\u00a0okol\u00ed. \u010clenskou z\u00e1kladnu tvo\u0159\u00ed nyn\u00ed asi 40\u00a0\u010dlen\u016f, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky spole\u010dnost \u010derp\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdch\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f. \u010cinnost spole\u010dnosti spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 hlavn\u011b v\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed kosmick\u00fdch objekt\u016f a\u00a0v\u00a0mimo\u0161koln\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f. Skupina aktivn\u00edch pozorovatel\u016f se zapojila do celorepublikov\u00fdch i\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch pozorovac\u00edch program\u016f. Spole\u010dnost z\u00edskala do pron\u00e1jmu od hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny ji\u017en\u00ed pozorovatelnu a\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e v\u00fd\u0161e zmi\u0148ovan\u00fd Zeiss\u016fv dalekohled.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Astronomie m\u00e1 v\u00a0na\u0161em regionu dlouhou tradici \u00fazce spjatou s\u00a0partikul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0161kolou v\u00a0Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 byla zalo\u017eena kon\u0161eli m\u011bsta v\u00a0roce 1350. Tedy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce tomu bude ji\u017e 650 let. Tato \u0161kola m\u011bla \u00farove\u0148 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dne\u0161n\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly, ale v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b nebylo velk\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi partikul\u00e1rn\u00edmi \u0161kolami a\u00a0univerzitami. Kvalitu t\u011bchto \u0161kol ur\u010dovali lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed na t\u011bchto \u0161kol\u00e1ch u\u010dili. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-109","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ashk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ashk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ashk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ashk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ashk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=109"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.ashk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3186,"href":"https:\/\/www.ashk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109\/revisions\/3186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ashk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}